ADHD and Rumination: Why Your Brain Won’t Stop Replaying It

25 min read

Quick answer: Replaying a two-line conversation for six hours isn’t vanity, and it isn’t a personality flaw — it’s rumination, a well-studied process that shows up heavily alongside ADHD. In 159 adults with confirmed ADHD, symptoms had no direct association with anxiety and depression; the entire link ran through excessive mind wandering, rumination, and low mindfulness.¹ In 4,751 students, inattention symptoms tracked with rumination.² Rumination is not an ADHD diagnostic criterion — experts argue emotional symptoms like this are too nonspecific to be one⁵ — and that cuts both ways: anxiety, depression, OCD, and trauma all produce the same replaying, which is why a checklist can’t sort this and a clinician can.⁸ ¹¹ ¹³ ¹⁴ ¹⁵ Here’s what’s happening, how to tell the versions apart, and what actually has evidence behind it.

It’s 11:40pm and you’re still in the meeting

Someone said okay, sure in a slightly flat voice at 2pm, and you have now been in that moment for nine hours.

You have run it forwards. You have run it backwards. You have tried out four alternative things you could have said, rehearsed a clarifying message you will not send, and briefly considered whether you should leave your job. Somewhere in there you also replayed a thing from 2019 that has nothing to do with anything, because the loop takes on passengers.

And the exhausting part isn’t the thinking. It’s that you know it’s disproportionate. You can see, from the outside, that this is a two-line exchange being processed with the machinery you’d want for a hostage negotiation — and knowing that changes nothing at all about whether it stops.

If you have ADHD, this is not a side quest. It may be one of the most tiring things your brain does, and it is almost never what gets discussed at an assessment.

What rumination actually is

One useful distinction before we go further, because it saves people a lot of self-criticism: rumination is not the same as reflection. Turning something over to understand it has a direction and an endpoint. Rumination circles the same content without moving. In a study of 3,000 Japanese adults, self-reflection actually weakened the path from ADHD traits to depressive symptoms, while self-rumination strengthened it²³ — same raw activity of thinking about yourself, opposite outcomes. Cross-sectional, self-report, ADHD traits rather than diagnoses. But the distinction is worth holding: you’re not trying to think less. You’re trying to think in a way that goes somewhere.

The Missing Exit

Here’s the frame that fits the evidence best. Call it the Missing Exit.

Thoughts get in easily — that part is normal, everyone’s brain surfaces the awkward moment from the meeting. The difference is what happens next. Most brains, after a few laps, disengage: attention shifts, the tab closes, the moment loses its grip.

Disengaging is an inhibition-and-shifting job. And in a meta-analysis of 34 studies with 3,066 participants, rumination was significantly associated with weaker inhibition (r = −.23) and weaker set-shifting (r = −.19) — and, interestingly, not with working memory at all.⁹ Those are small correlations in mostly non-ADHD samples, so treat this as a mechanism worth understanding rather than a proven chain. But it names the shape precisely: the problem isn’t that the thought arrived. It’s that the exit is hard to find.

Now lay the ADHD literature over that. Difficulty with inhibition and shifting is among the most consistently reported cognitive findings in ADHD, though it is far from universal — plenty of people with ADHD perform normally on these tasks.⁶ So a brain that finds disengaging harder in general is going to find disengaging from an emotionally loud internal replay harder in particular — and emotional intensity is itself elevated: a meta-analysis found emotion dysregulation correlated with adult ADHD symptom severity (r = 0.54), and adults with ADHD scored well above controls on emotion dysregulation overall (Hedges’ g = 1.17).⁴

Loud content, plus a difficult exit. That’s the loop. Our guide to ADHD emotional dysregulation covers the volume side of this in full.

What the research honestly says

The most important study here is also the most hopeful one, so let’s start there.

In 159 medication-free adults with ADHD confirmed by structured interview, ADHD symptoms had an indirect but not direct association with anxiety and depression severity. The whole relationship was accounted for by three things in the middle: more excessive mind wandering, more rumination, and less trait mindfulness.¹ It’s cross-sectional — it cannot prove direction, and it’s a single clinical sample using self-report outcomes. But read what it’s suggesting: the distress that so often rides along with ADHD may be travelling through a specific, describable process rather than being an unavoidable feature of the condition.

Worth noting on the “excessive mind wandering” measure used in that study: when it was validated in a population sample, adults with ADHD showed no sex differences in mind wandering, while among those without ADHD, males scored higher.²² So this is not a women-specific phenomenon inside ADHD — it is simply very common.

The largest sample points the same way. Across 4,751 undergraduates at six universities, inattention symptoms were associated with rumination, more strongly for those not taking stimulants than for those taking them (β = 5.20 vs 2.80); stimulant status made no such difference for hyperactive-impulsive symptoms.² College students, self-reported symptoms, self-reported medication status, cross-sectional — and emphatically not a claim that medication treats rumination. What it does suggest is that the inattentive presentation, the one most often missed in women, is the one that tracks with the mental treadmill.

There’s also a precision finding worth having. When researchers factor-analysed the racing-thoughts experience in 84 adults with ADHD, they found two separable things: racing thoughts, predicted by emotional lability, and ordinary mind wandering / daydreaming, which in that sample related to neither ADHD symptoms nor impairment.⁷ Modest single-site French sample, self-report questionnaires. Still: the loud, pressured, can’t-stop version is not the same thing as a wandering mind, and it’s the loud one that costs you.

And now the honest limit, which most articles on this topic quietly skip. In one study of 78 adolescents that put ADHD, depression, and anxiety in the same model, only anxiety predicted mind-wandering scores — not ADHD, not depression; there was no difference in mind wandering between the ADHD and non-ADHD groups at all.⁸ One small cross-sectional study, in adolescents rather than adults, and it conflicts with several others. But it’s the reason this article cannot tell you your racing mind is “the ADHD”. Sometimes it is anxiety, wearing an ADHD costume, and that distinction changes the treatment.

Why it gets so much louder at night

Because during the day, the world keeps interrupting. Rumination needs an empty room, and 11pm is the emptiest room you own.

The sleep research is specific about the mechanism: stress affects sleep through pre-sleep cognitive arousal, and people high in rumination and worry show stronger stress-to-arousal relationships. Across models, cognitive arousal explained more of the stress-sleep relationship than somatic arousal did.¹⁷ It’s the thinking, not the body, keeping you up. A two-week daily diary of 178 US adults, self-report sleep, non-ADHD sample — but it points somewhere useful: the thing to treat at midnight is the loop, not the mattress.

Then the loop compounds. Short sleep makes tomorrow’s inhibition worse, which makes tomorrow’s exit harder to find, which produces more replaying at 11pm tomorrow. Our guide to ADHD and sleep covers the wider version of this problem, including why the delay isn’t laziness.

Before you file this under ADHD: what else looks exactly like this

This is the section that matters most, and the one a quiz can’t do for you. Replaying is a transdiagnostic process — worry and rumination behave as a shared feature across disorders rather than as markers of any one of them, and researchers argue it “should be assessed and treated regardless of diagnostic profile.”¹¹ Which means the surface tells you very little. Here’s what sits underneath it.

Depression. In 77 adults with clinically diagnosed ADHD, dysfunctional attitudes and cognitive-behavioural avoidance fully accounted for the link between ADHD symptoms and depressive symptoms³ — the thinking patterns are part of the picture, not just the aftermath. Rumination is one of the most established features of depression — and prospectively predicts new onsets of depressive episodes in community samples, though the effect on chronicity disappeared after adjusting for baseline symptoms.¹² If the replaying is mostly about your own worthlessness, and the low mood stays heavy even when the phone is down, this may be the depression end. It is treatable — and if the content ever turns to hopelessness, in the US you can call or text 988 any time. Our guide to ADHD and depression covers the overlap properly.

Generalised anxiety. There’s a clean directional split with reasonable evidence behind it: in a clinical sample of both GAD and depression, worry contributed more to a GAD diagnosis, and rumination contributed more to depression.¹³ Rough rule of thumb, not a self-test: worry points forward (what if it goes wrong), rumination points backward (why did I say that). Many people run both. Our guide to ADHD and anxiety covers that overlap.

OCD. In a large non-clinical sample, spontaneous, unintentional mind wandering was associated with higher OCD symptoms, while deliberate mind wandering isn’t.¹⁵ The distinguishing feature isn’t the thought — it’s what comes after: OCD involves compulsions or neutralising behaviours performed to reduce the distress. If the replaying comes with rituals, checking, or mental undoing you feel compelled to complete, that’s a different door, and it’s worth naming to a clinician because it’s treated differently.

Trauma. Rumination is reliably associated with increased posttraumatic stress symptoms in trauma-exposed adults, including avoidance and hyperarousal.¹⁴ If the loop keeps landing on the same event, or comes with hypervigilance and a body that won’t stand down, this is worth naming to a professional rather than managing alone.

None of this is a diagnosis you can make from a blog post — that’s the point. The evidence says these processes look identical from the outside, so the sorting is a clinician’s job, ideally one who knows adult ADHD. What you can bring them is a good description: what the thoughts are about, when they hit, what you do in response, and how long it lasts.

The conversation you replay — and the one you rehearse in advance

Two specific versions deserve their own note, because they’re the ones readers describe most and the research names least.

Neither has been studied in ADHD — a PubMed search in September 2026 returns nothing on “rehearsing conversations that will never happen.” Both do have names in the social anxiety literature, though. Replaying an interaction afterwards, hunting for evidence you embarrassed yourself, is post-event processing, which shows a moderate association with social anxiety (r = 0.45 across a 2024 meta-analysis).¹⁶ Running the conversation in advance is anticipatory processing, studied alongside it as the other half of the same repetitive-thinking pattern in social anxiety disorder.²⁵ That’s social anxiety research, not ADHD research, so applying either here is an inference rather than a finding.

But it’s a useful inference for one reason: post-event processing is a named, targetable process with treatments built for it. What feels like a personal defect is, in the clinical literature, a recognised thing with a protocol.

Worth saying plainly: repetitive negative thinking specifically studied in ADHD populations barely exists as a literature. What we have is rumination research, mind-wandering research, and adjacent findings that fit. That gap is real, and anyone who tells you the science is settled here hasn’t looked.

What actually helps — with the evidence attached

Naming which one it is. Reflection moves; rumination circles.²³ Simply catching this is the circling kind is the intervention people report most, and it’s the one that costs nothing.

Rumination-focused CBT. In the first randomised trial of rumination-focused CBT for residual depression — 42 participants, added to treatment as usual — it improved residual symptoms and remission rates, and the effect was mediated by change in rumination — but its authors state plainly that the trial lacked an attentional control group, so specific effects can’t be separated from general ones.²⁰ Depression sample, not ADHD. It’s the most direct evidence we have for treating the loop itself.

CBT for adult ADHD. A meta-analysis of 32 studies found small-to-medium effects versus control (symptoms g = 0.65, functioning g = 0.51) — noting that studies with active control groups showed smaller effects.¹⁸ Important honesty: this treats ADHD symptoms and functioning, not rumination. Don’t expect one to automatically fix the other.

And the most current, most sobering picture. A 2025 network meta-analysis of 113 trials and 14,887 adults found that only stimulants and atomoxetine beat placebo on both self-reported and clinician-reported ADHD symptoms. CBT, mindfulness, cognitive remediation and psychoeducation beat placebo on clinician-reported measures only.¹⁹ Confidence in the evidence ranged from very low to moderate. That doesn’t make psychological approaches worthless — it means the honest framing is “helpful, with real limits,” not “cure.” Medication decisions belong with a prescriber, not a blog.

Mindfulness, honestly. A meta-analysis in ADHD found a medium pooled effect on ADHD symptoms in adults — alongside detected publication bias and a clear gap between inactive-controlled studies (medium/large effects) and active-controlled ones (low to negligible).²¹ If you find it useful, use it. Just don’t let anyone sell it to you as settled.

Sleep-side leverage. Since cognitive arousal is what’s blocking sleep,¹⁷ the sleep-specific version of this problem responds to sleep-specific approaches — cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is what clinical guidelines recommend as the initial treatment for chronic insomnia, and it targets exactly the racing-mind-at-bedtime part.²⁶

7 ways to make the loop shorter

1. Name the category out loud. “This is rumination, not problem-solving.” One sentence. You’re not arguing with the content — you’re labelling the process, which is the part that makes the exit visible.
2. Give it a container instead of a ban. Trying not to think about it is famously counterproductive. Assign it a slot: fifteen minutes, tomorrow, 6pm, notebook open. Loops that are promised a hearing later argue less at midnight.
3. Write the sentence you’re circling. Get the exact accusation onto paper — she thinks I’m unreliable. On the page it becomes a claim you can examine rather than a feeling that keeps regenerating.
4. Change the channel physically, not mentally. Since disengaging is the hard part,⁹ make the disengagement external: stand up, walk into a different room, put on something with words, do the dishes loudly. Not distraction as avoidance — a lever for the exit your brain isn’t finding.
5. Send the message or close the loop deliberately. If a real ambiguity is powering the replay, one short clarifying message often ends what nine hours of analysis couldn’t. And if the answer is that you can’t ask, say that to yourself explicitly: I won’t find out, and the loop can’t fix that.
6. Protect the empty room at night. The loop needs silence and a horizontal position. Wind down earlier, put the phone out of reach, give your brain something mildly occupying — a podcast, an audiobook — for the handover into sleep.¹⁷
7. Bring it to a professional if it’s steady. Not because you can’t cope, but because repetitive negative thinking is a recognised treatment target with named protocols,¹⁰ ²⁰ and because rumination is a genuine risk factor for depression onset,¹² which makes it worth catching early rather than out-thinking alone.

Your brain is not attacking you

One reframe to end on, because the shame that rides along with this loop does more damage than the loop itself.

The replaying is not evidence that you’re self-absorbed, dramatic, or bad at letting go. It’s an ordinary process — everyone’s brain surfaces the awkward moment — running in a system where the exit is harder to find and the volume is turned up.⁴ ⁹ You are not being punished by your own mind. You’re stuck in a doorway.

And doorways are workable. Not by thinking harder, and not by promising yourself you’ll stop caring — but by naming the process, containing it, and getting real help if it’s steady. Researchers describe rumination and depression as feeding each other in both directions over years,²⁴ which sounds bleak until you notice what it means: a change anywhere in that loop is a change in both.

The 2pm conversation was two lines long. You are allowed to give it back its actual size.

Frequently asked questions

Is rumination a symptom of ADHD?

Not officially. The diagnostic criteria for ADHD cover inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity only,⁶ and a major practitioner review notes experts argue emotional symptoms are too nonspecific to serve as criteria.⁵ What the research does show is a strong association: in 159 adults with confirmed ADHD, rumination and excessive mind wandering accounted for the entire link between ADHD symptoms and anxiety/depression severity,¹ and in 4,751 students, inattention symptoms tracked with rumination.² So: real, common, well-documented — and not a criterion, which is exactly why it needs a proper assessment rather than a self-diagnosis.

Why do I replay conversations over and over?

Most likely because disengaging is harder than engaging. Rumination is associated with weaker inhibition (r = −.23) and set-shifting (r = −.19) in meta-analysis⁹ — the exit is the difficulty, not the entry — and emotional intensity is elevated in adult ADHD,⁴ which makes the content louder and stickier. Specifically replaying social moments has a name in the research: post-event processing, moderately associated with social anxiety (r = 0.45).¹⁶ That’s social anxiety research rather than ADHD research, so read it as a likely overlap, not a proven mechanism.

Is it ADHD rumination or anxiety?

Honestly, this needs a clinician — the processes look identical from the outside.¹¹ Two rough pointers: worry tends to point forward (what if it goes wrong) and is more characteristic of GAD, while rumination points backward (why did I say that) and is more characteristic of depression.¹³ And in one study that modelled all three together, only anxiety predicted mind wandering — not ADHD.⁸ Many people have both, which is common rather than confusing. The useful move isn’t picking a label yourself; it’s describing the pattern accurately to someone qualified.

How do I stop ruminating at night?

Attack the arousal rather than the mattress. Cognitive arousal — the thinking, not the body — is what most strongly explains the stress-sleep relationship,¹⁷ so the levers are: a worry slot earlier in the evening, writing the circling sentence down before bed, something mildly occupying for the handover into sleep, and the phone out of arm’s reach. If sleep is chronically wrecked, cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the guideline-recommended first treatment and it targets this specific problem.²⁶

Is rumination the same as overthinking?

“Overthinking” is a lay word with no research construct behind it; rumination and worry are the researched versions, grouped as repetitive negative thinking.¹⁰ ¹¹ The distinction worth keeping is between rumination and reflection — in a study of 3,000 adults, self-reflection weakened the path from ADHD traits to depression while self-rumination strengthened it.²³ Same activity of thinking about yourself, opposite direction of travel.

Does medication help with rumination?

There’s no good evidence for that claim, and this article won’t make it. In 4,751 students, the association between inattention and rumination was weaker in those taking stimulants — but medication status was self-reported and not randomised, so it can’t tell us medication reduces rumination.² The most current network meta-analysis found stimulants and atomoxetine outperform placebo on ADHD core symptoms, not on rumination.¹⁹ Any medication question belongs with a prescriber who knows your history.

When should I get help for this?

When it’s steady rather than occasional, when it’s eating your sleep, or when the content has turned into a verdict about your worth rather than a replay of an event. Rumination prospectively predicts new onsets of depression,¹² which makes it worth taking seriously early. Bring a clinician a description — what the thoughts are about, when they hit, what you do in response — and let them sort ADHD from anxiety, depression, OCD, or trauma. If the loop ever reaches hopelessness or thoughts of self-harm, please don’t wait: in the US you can call or text 988 for free, confidential support, 24/7.

If the replay gets loudest after the days you spent holding it together for everyone else, that is the burnout end of this. The Masking Tax: The 7-Week ADHD Burnout Recovery Workbook for Late-Diagnosed Adults walks you out of the overdrive-to-crash cycle — calming your nervous system, easing the shame, and rebuilding executive function at a pace your brain can actually hold.

★★★★★

Save this. You’ll want to come back to it.

• 📕 You’re Not Broken: The 7-Week Executive Function Workbook for Late-Diagnosed ADHD Adults — the flagship workbook for rebuilding after a late diagnosis
• 📗 ADHD Mastery for Adults: 3-in-1 — a daily coaching system for the executive-function load
• 📙 Executive Function Rescue — a nine-week program for overwhelm and emotional regulation

This article is for educational purposes only and is not medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Rumination is not a diagnostic criterion for ADHD, and repeated distressing thinking has many possible causes — including depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, and trauma — which look similar from the outside and need a qualified clinician to tell apart. For assessment or support, please talk to a professional. If your thoughts ever reach hopelessness or thoughts of self-harm, in the US you can call or text 988 (the Suicide and Crisis Lifeline) for free, confidential support, 24/7.

Written by Dr. Morgan Reed, specialist in ADHD and executive function. Last reviewed: September 2026.

References

1. Kandeğer A, Odabaş Ünal Ş, Ergün MT, Yavuz Ataşlar E. Excessive mind wandering, rumination, and mindfulness mediate the relationship between ADHD symptoms and anxiety and depression in adults with ADHD. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy. 2024;31(1):e2940. PMID: 38053250

2. Reiner AI, Greenberg AJ, Jarrett MA, et al. Does stimulant medication status moderate the association between ADHD symptoms and rumination? Journal of Attention Disorders. 2025;29(9):766-772. PMID: 40384229

3. Knouse LE, Zvorsky I, Safren SA. Depression in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): the mediating role of cognitive-behavioral factors. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 2013;37(6):1220-1232. PMID: 26089578

4. Beheshti A, Chavanon ML, Christiansen H. Emotion dysregulation in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry. 2020;20(1):120. PMID: 32164655

5. Faraone SV, Rostain AL, Blader J, et al. Practitioner review: emotional dysregulation in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder — implications for clinical recognition and intervention. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2019;60(2):133-150. PMID: 29624671

6. Faraone SV, Banaschewski T, Coghill D, et al. The World Federation of ADHD international consensus statement: 208 evidence-based conclusions about the disorder. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2021;128:789-818. PMID: 33549739

7. Martz E, Weiner L, Bonnefond A, Weibel S. Disentangling racing thoughts from mind wandering in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Frontiers in Psychology. 2023;14:1166602. PMID: 37731878

8. Figueiredo T, Lima G, Erthal P, et al. Mind-wandering, depression, anxiety and ADHD: disentangling the relationship. Psychiatry Research. 2020;285:112798. PMID: 31991281

9. Yang Y, Cao S, Shields GS, et al. The relationships between rumination and core executive functions: a meta-analysis. Depression and Anxiety. 2017;34(1):37-50. PMID: 27378739

10. Watkins ER, Roberts H. Reflecting on rumination: consequences, causes, mechanisms and treatment of rumination. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 2020;127:103573. PMID: 32087393

11. McEvoy PM, Watson H, Watkins ER, Nathan P. The relationship between worry, rumination, and comorbidity: evidence for repetitive negative thinking as a transdiagnostic construct. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2013;151(1):313-320. PMID: 23866301

12. Nolen-Hoeksema S. The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2000;109(3):504-511. PMID: 11016119

13. Yang MJ, Kim BN, Lee EH, et al. Diagnostic utility of worry and rumination: a comparison between generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2014;68(9):712-720. PMID: 24735252

14. Szabo YZ, Warnecke AJ, Newton TL, Valentine JC. Rumination and posttraumatic stress symptoms in trauma-exposed adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Anxiety, Stress & Coping. 2017;30(4):396-414. PMID: 28398085

15. Seli P, Risko EF, Purdon C, Smilek D. Intrusive thoughts: linking spontaneous mind wandering and OCD symptomatology. Psychological Research. 2017;81(2):392-398. PMID: 26886575

16. Edgar EV, Richards A, Castagna PJ, et al. Post-event rumination and social anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2024;173:87-97. PMID: 38518572

17. Tousignant OH, Taylor ND, Suvak MK, Fireman GD. Effects of rumination and worry on sleep. Behavior Therapy. 2019;50(3):558-570. PMID: 31030873

18. Knouse LE, Teller J, Brooks MA. Meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral treatments for adult ADHD. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2017;85(7):737-750. PMID: 28504540

19. Ostinelli EG, Schulze M, Zangani C, et al. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of pharmacological, psychological, and neurostimulatory interventions for ADHD in adults: a systematic review and component network meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry. 2025;12(1):32-43. PMID: 39701638

20. Watkins ER, Mullan E, Wingrove J, et al. Rumination-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy for residual depression: phase II randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2011;199(4):317-322. PMID: 21778171

21. Oliva F, Malandrone F, di Girolamo G, et al. The efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder beyond core symptoms: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2021;292:475-486. PMID: 34146899

22. Mowlem FD, Agnew-Blais J, Pingault JB, Asherson P. Evaluating a scale of excessive mind wandering among males and females with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from a population sample. Scientific Reports. 2019;9(1):3071. PMID: 30816143

23. Tamura T, Takagi S, Takahashi H, Sugihara G. The role of self-rumination and self-reflection in depressive symptoms among individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits. Scientific Reports. 2025;15(1):3920. PMID: 39890888

24. Whisman MA, du Pont A, Butterworth P. Longitudinal associations between rumination and depressive symptoms in a probability sample of adults. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020;260:680-686. PMID: 31550614

25. Wong QJJ, McEvoy PM, Rapee RM. Repetitive thinking in social anxiety disorder: are anticipatory processing and post-event processing facets of an underlying unidimensional repetitive thinking construct? Behavior Therapy. 2019;50(3):571-581. PMID: 31030874

26. Qaseem A, Kansagara D, Forciea MA, et al. Management of chronic insomnia disorder in adults: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2016;165(2):125-133. PMID: 27136449

As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases — at no extra cost to you. Full disclosure.